Gogatsu Ningyō are the dolls displayed on May 5th to celebrate Boys’ Day - a tradition believed to bring good fortune and strong growth to boys. However, the origin of this day is far more complex and intriguing.

Historically, May 5th was considered an unlucky day. The roots of the celebration trace back to the Nara period (8th century), when the custom was introduced from the continent. At the Imperial Court, the day was marked by rituals meant to ward off evil spirits. One key element was shōbu (iris), a plant believed to have protective powers. The emperor would decorate the palace with iris leaves and gather his retainers to watch horse races and archery displays - activities thought to purify the surroundings and protect against misfortune.

It wasn't until the peaceful Edo period (17th century to mid-19th century) that the meaning of May 5th began to shift. In a play on words, the plant shōbu came to be associated with shōbu (valor or martial spirit). As a result, the day evolved into a celebration of boys' health, growth, and future success, with a focus on bravery and strength. This is why many Gogatsu Ningyō feature legendary warriors and heroic figures from Japanese history.

At our museum, we display well-preserved Gogatsu Ningyō made between the late Edo period and the Taishō era (late 18th century to early 20th century). These include figures of famous historical and legendary heroes such as Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Benkei, who are celebrated in Japanese folklore for their bravery and loyalty.